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HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP is a network protocol
Mental model: calling a function across a network
Client is the caller
Server is where the function exists
Client receives the result
Let’s use telnet to make such a ‘call’
$ telnet example.com 80 $ GET / HTTP/1.1 $ Host: example.com
Deconstructing the call
“Call” includes:
target host (example.com)
target port on the host (80)
HTTP verb: “GET” (a.k.a. method) (ref:
HTTP Method Definitions
)
address: (the path or “/”)
Version of HTTP protocol (1.1)
Datatype of required response (aka mime-type)
There are lots of other “parameters” that are allowed in this call
Deconstructing the returned data from that call
(Reference:
HTTP Response Fields
)
“Response” includes:
Status code: 200 (see [HTTP Status Codes(http://httpstatus.es)])
Accept-Ranges: bytes (lets the server tell the caller that it has that capability)
Cache-Control: max-age=604800, how long this response may be cached)
Content-Type: text/html
Tells recipient how to parse the result)
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2014 00:33:26 GMT The current date time on the server)
Etag: “359670651” kind of a unique-id for caching purposes)
Expires: Thu, 06 Mar 2014 00:33:26 GMT (says when the page is required to expire)
Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 23:54:35 GMT (When this page was edited)
Server: ECS (ewr/1584) (Software running the server)
X-Cache: HIT (Page came out of a cache)
x-ec-custom-error: 1 (There was no error in the cache)
Content-Length: 1270
(Content following this is 1270 bytes)
All this is followed by text that we know should be interpretted as text/html
What are the HTTP Methods
GET, PUT, POST, DELETE
Think of them like a reguired first argument to the call
The interpretation of the
Simplified view of the world
Think of the relationship between the client (the user in a browser) and the server (the rails server) as a program calling a function!
Call:
CallUsingHTTP(“GET”, “www.brandeis.edu”, “/index.html”)
Returns:
Status code, Content type, Content, and potentially more
Welcome
2018 Syllabus
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